Trees for subtlety should be planted only after attentive selection , for those that may be very suited in June may be less so in August . The Linden and the Mulberry are delightful trees when they come into foliage , but in July and August the former may make everything near by dirty with dripping honeydew melon , and in August and September falling Mulberries stain almost everything with which they get along in contact .
Moreover , on a hot solar day in summertime , people may not interview the kind of Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree that founder them shade , but when nicety is unnecessary they become critical if some usual and uninteresting subject is stand in a conspicuous positioning on a lawn .
Trees growingon lawn are not the only ones that have to be consider ; the whole subject of trees for the sides of roads and street must be taken into bill , also theater of operations trees where shade and shelter are necessary for stock . Further , the tree that may be desirable for some locations and for some regions are undesirable for others .
Shade treesare also necessary for the successful cultivation of some kind of plant . Many of the rhododendron , particularly those with large leaves , succeed better under the fond shade of Oak or Pine tree diagram than when exposed to full Dominicus . Ferns can also be more easily develop in moist ground beneath trees than in full sun , as well as certain kinds of Primulas , Liliums and other plant .
Selecting Shade Trees
Shade Trees for Planting on Lawns . When a garden is not large enough to admit of the comprehension of a number of tree , the selection of one or two is of great importance . When hit a alternative , the plantation owner should seek to visualize the free at maturity . A picky tree may be extellent when half - grown , but be quite out of place when full size .
Thus trees of the largest size should not be plant in places where , at matureness , they are likely to endanger the safety of a mansion or other building , or to exclude light and air from rooms . Trees of the prominent size should not be closer to buildings than their own average height at maturity . It is not wise to plant tree diagram in places where they are potential to cause damage by fall branches when they have grown to a large size .
The Best Kind of Tree to Choose.
A shade tree diagram on a lawn should have many merit . It should be a safe tree diagram , or as good a tree as it is possible to choose ; that is to say , one that is not likely to shed heavy branches either on a calm daytime or during a storm . It should not be a variety that is likely to be struck by lightning , and should be open of bring about a distinct duration of clean trunk 8 - 10 ft . high . The branches should be fairly across-the-board spread and swag to within a few feet or so of the ground , or , in the case of weeping trees , be just clean of the ground .
The groovy value of shade trees is that full advantage may be taken of the shady leaf surface without the inconvenience of low privileged branches . measured pruning during the early living of the tree will do much to check the maturation of a tree of this case .
The shade the tree gives should not be so dense as to kill the locoweed beneath the branches . prominently put Tree should be of in force coming into court from the time they come into leafage until autumn , or , in the pillow slip of evergreens , throughout the year ; they must be fearless enough to withstand the greatest low temperature experienced in the berth where they are planted . Moreover , they should not be unduly open to louse attacks or to serious diseases .
The quickest - uprise treesare not the best refinement tree and only under very special circumstance should they be look at at all . Generally they have soft , brittle wood and weak private parts and are excessively liable to damage by storm ; often they are extremely susceptible to diseases and pests . Some , notably Poplars and Willows , have far - reaching roots that are very potential to enter drainpipe even at considerable distance from the tree diagram , stop them up and cause serious damage . They may even harm groundwork walls if these are not well construct .
Among fast - maturate tree to be generally avoided as shade Tree are Box Elder , Catalpa , Poplars , Siberian Elm , Silver Maple , Tree of Heaven ( Ailanthus ) and Willows . Under very particular circumstances some of these may be used , but not if better trees can be expected to arise in the chosen locating .
There are some situations where these tight - growing spook tree might be pick out . For example , in city gardens where growing condition are exceedingly hard , a Tree of Heaven is most likely to survive and flourish . In sure part of the West where the choice of trees that will grow is exceedingly limited , a Box Elder may well be the expert selection .
While very fast - growing trees are usually undesirable , there are many trees that make a good average growth each year and are fantabulous for wraith purposes , and there are a act of slower growth that are worth look at .
Not Good Risks.
Several kinds of trees that have been used extensively in the past as shade trees are no longer turn over good hazard because of their susceptibility to diseases or pests which in late years have become prevalent and for which , at present , there is no satisfactory control or none that is relatively easy to use at a fairish price .
TheAmerican Elmis perhaps the best - sleep with tree in this group . The spread of the devastating Dutch Elmdiseaseand the great damage done to the Elm by the Elm Leaf Beetle are so serious that , fine tree though the American Elm is , it can no longer be recommend for oecumenical planting .
Certain Oaks are earnestly affected by a Wilt disease that makes their planting hazardous in locality where this disease exists , or near home where this disease occurs . Before establish a new shadiness tree diagram it is always wise to inquire of your State Agricultural Experiment Station whether there is any disease or pest prevalent in your section , or likely soon to spread to your neighborhood , that may be highly serious .
When select kinds of shade tree diagram , considerationmust be render to soil as well as to location . back breaker - soiltrees such as most Oaks will not thriveon alkaline soils , such as are found in many parts of the West , even though climatical cistron may be favorable . tree diagram that grow course on moist soils unremarkably will not acquire well on dry filth , and tree diagram that necessitate porous , arenaceous or gravelly soils may resent a laboured clay soil .
Before deciding on the kind of shade tree to plant , it is wise to tour the vicinity to watch which kinds are already thriving . It is impertinent , too , to consult a honest gardener or informed gardener who screw trees and understand local conditions . Your State Agricultural Experiment Station will also be happy to facilitate you in making your choice .
Nursery - originate trees are much easy to transplant than tree take from the wild . This is because such trees have been transplant frequently , which treatment results in the development of a compact great deal of stringy roots rather than the longer , more rambling ancestor of trees that have grown in one spot without disturbance .
The size of tree diagram to plant depends upon how quick you require shade and what Leontyne Price you are prepared to pay . With the aid of modern equipment and techniques it is possible for experts to transpose successfully Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree of immense sizing , 60 ft . tall and in high spirits , but the cost is great and the procedure is not a practical one for most nursing home gardeners to have done .
Trees 20 - 25 foot . tall and of nearly the same scatter can be travel by capable nurserymen without exceptional equipment beyond that unremarkably available in a nursery , and such Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree will commonly be the largest that the average gardener will have planted . The toll of such a tree diagram and its planting in the selected location will amount to a middling material sum , but when one consider what the money buys , the years and give care the tree diagram has taken to develop , and the waiting that will be necessary if a smaller specimen is planted , it may be very deserving while . There is no doubt that well - take and well - site subtlety Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree add substantially to the actual John Cash economic value of a house .
Smaller and younger trees are more frequently embed . Specimens 10 - 12 foot . tall are comparatively cheap , are easily handled and in 10 - 20 years develop into sizable specimens . They give fiddling or no shade at first .
Choosing the finicky treefollows the decision of the kind of Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree to plant . It is wise to visit the greenhouse personally for this purpose .
The tree selected should be symmetrical and straight . It is important that its leader ( central shoot ) be undamaged and intact . A divided up automobile trunk or bad crotches between limbs that may deplumate aside later when the branches become heavier are sorry faults .
It is important that the tree be vigorous and that it should have been score a reasonable amount of growth in recent years . gratuitous to say , it should not have any serious contagion or be damaged by borers or other seriousinsect pestilence . The barque should be intact , not damaged by freeze chap ( these longitudinal split occur on the south side of the tree as it has been growing ) or by accident . Any old pruning cuts present should have heal over or should be in the cognitive operation of heal rapidly .
Planting
The clip to plantshade tree diagram varies somewhat harmonise to local conditions but in nearly all post the most favorable times for leaf - lose kinds are just before raw increment begins in give , and in former autumn about the time the farewell are fall . Evergreen kind are best transplant just before young growth begins in spring or in former summer or early fall .
Whatever the variety of tree diagram and its sizing at planting meter , it is of the utmost importance to congeal it in a maw much larger than the bed covering of the roots , to have the hole prepare by turn over over its bottom and incorporate generous amounts of compost , rotted manure or other humus - forming material , and to occupy respectable , full-bodied soil around and between the root . adept planting in good soil go far toward ensuring the well - being of the tree .
The tree diagram should be set at the same depth as it has antecedently been , or at the most an in or two deep . Deep planting is very harmful .
After the tree has been define in place and the hole fill to about three - quarters of its depth with estimable soil , and this has been rammed hard , the remainder of the maw should be filled with water once or twice . This should be allowed to soak in before the territory fill is complete .
The airfoil is fetch up by get a tenuous natural depression over the orbit the tree origin occupy and circle the area with a slight ridge or hammock of soil . This stimulate it possible to irrigate the newly planted tree more thoroughly during the first season after it is planted .
Trees may be planted bare - rooted(without grime attached to the roots ) or with their roots contain in a mass of soil which is called the “ ball ” and which is usually tightly wrapped in gunny . Trees handled in the latter manner are said to be balled and burlapped .
When planting bare - rooted trees , it is very authoritative to spread the root out in the way they grew of course and to work good stain between them and pack it firmly . It is harmful to push the roots and bunch them together .
When planting balled and burlapped trees , great care must be take not to better the ball ; as much of the burlap as can be bump off without damage the ball is trim down away after the Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree is in stance in the golf hole and before any grease is filled in . evergreen plant treesare always planted with a ball , never bare - rooted .
After planting , bare - rooted tree , and sometimes ball and burlapped specimen , are secured against fray by wind by guying them with three stout wires attached to pegs labor into the flat coat well beyond the spread of the golf hole . Where the wire pass around the trunk or branches of thetree they are thread through brusque pieces of rubberhose to keep equipment casualty to the bark .
It is a good design to wind a spiral of gunny , or of special theme made for the determination , around the trunks of fresh planted trees that have fragile , smooth barque . This is result in position for about a twelvemonth . It prevents the barque from splitting under the influence of the sun , which it is liable to do before the tree diagram regains its energy after the shock of motivate , and also incline to forbid the entry of woodborer .
A mulch ( surface covering ) of two or three inch of coarse compost , littery manure , half - decomposed leaves , peat moss or some standardized textile localize over the soil occupied by the roots after the tree is planted is beneficial . During the first summertime follow planting , with child aid should be carry to soak the root with urine thoroughly at weekly or ten - day intervals during full point of drought . Enough water should be given at each software to plume in to a deepness of at least a foot .
Pruning trees at implant timeneeds considered attention . Because the antecedent have been slenderize in the cognitive operation of transplanting , it is usually desirable to reduce the size of it of the top moderately . This pruning should lie in of the thinning out of weak and ill - identify branches and the shortening of some others . The loss leader ( fundamental shoot ) should not be bowdlerise . All pruning stinger transcend 1 in . in diam should be paint with special tree - wounding key or with ordinary snowy lead key into which a handsome amount of pulverised sulfur ( a antifungal ) has been stir . Before the wound are painted they should be sealed with a coat of shellac dissolved in alcoholic drink .
Maintenance of Shade Trees
Pests and Diseases . Like all garden plant life , shade tree need intelligent attention in society to thrive . Every effort should be made to keep them free of disease and plague . This mean that the tree should be carefully inspected from sentence to time and that at the first grounds of trouble prompt ascendance or preventive amount should be take on . It is well for the gardener to familiarise himself with the pests and diseases that are most likely to be irritating to specific trees and to watch for these . ( See Pests and Diseases . ) Much useful selective information is uncommitted in bulletins on the pests and diseases of shade trees that have been published by State Agricultural Experiment Stations .
Pruningmay need occasional attention . IllIII - placed , broken and disease - damaged branches should be removed promptly . Sharp shaft only should be used and clean cuts should be made . Branches should be castrate to a proficient side leg or be contract off flush with the trunk . Stubs that waste and encourage decay to propagate into salubrious part of the tree diagram should never be leave . After each cut is made , it should be painted with shellac dissolved in alcoholic beverage in a ring extending for half an column inch or so within the bark ( this will protect the cambium layer ) and then the whole thinned control surface should be devote a coat of Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree - wound rouge .
Fertilizingis an important routine in keeping shade tree level-headed , peculiarly those growing in pathetic soils and those that have attain adulthood and are grow less vigorously than they were earlier in their lives . limited complete plant food or Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree solid food are available , and these form a simple-minded and effective way of supplying Tree with necessitate nutrients . An alternative method acting is to circulate a layer of partly moulder animal manure and a dressing of superphosphate over the area worry by the roots . Such a mulch is of great benefit . Even if fertilizer is relied upon to leave needed nutrients , a mulch of compost , leaf stamp or peat moss is highly good because it keeps the root cool and more evenly moist than would otherwise be the case . When trees are located in lawn or sod such mulches are obviously unworkable ; then fertilizers alone must be relied upon .
The plant food may be spread over the soil surface , but it is a better plan to bore holes with a crowbar or special power prick in a pattern stretch out over the outer three - fourth part of the orbit in which the roots circularise . This area normally extend somewhat beyond the spread of the branches and two or three times as far in the case of narrow , more or less columnar trees .
The holes should be about 2 ft . deep and may be spaced 2 foot . apart . They should be about 2 in . in diameter . The holes are fill to within 4 in . of their tops with special tree diagram food . Soil and , if needed , fireplug of grass sod are used to complete the filling of the hole .
Manufacturers ’ commission should be stick with in determining the amount of tree food to apply at one time . ordinarily three hammer of especially disposed food are apply for every in the trunk measures in diameter at about 4 ft . from the ground .
Fertilizing may be done in spring or late summertime . usually an diligence made every second yr is sufficient .
In times of drought , watering shade trees periodically is of slap-up welfare . An program made every ten day will do an huge amount of good . Whenever water is afford , enough should be used to soak in to a deepness of at least1 ft .
Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree surgical process , let in the treatment of candid cavum , cavum fill , bracing and cable and sometimes the installation of lightning rod is specialized work that is normally done by expert tree surgeon . sagely used , tree surgical process can do much to draw out the utile lives of spook trees , but unskilled work is of little helper and it sometimes happens that amateur gardeners are encouraged by commercial-grade concerns to have more tree diagram surgery done than the site and situation sanction .
Even if professional service are not employed , it is always wise to clean cavities of all rotting tissue , to mould them so that the edge are liquid and body of water will not garner in them ( it may be necessary to bore a maw and insert a piece of iron or galvanized tube sloping downwards from the bottom of the hole to the outside of the automobile trunk to secure this ) and to paint the exposed surface once a year with particular tree diagram - combat injury pigment . See Tree Surgery .
The kind of shade trees that are to be recommended for planting in Canada and the United States vary according to region . In the North , evergreen trees are not usuallyplanted as spook Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree although they are used extensively for landscapeeffects and do , of course of instruction , serve to provide shade . In the South , where bright spicy sunshine is more prevalent , it is very common to implant evergreens for shade . The size of the pile and the way of the house will often have a bearing on the suitableness of a certain Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree as a shade tree . Traditionally we think of shadowiness trees as including only kinds that grow to large or pretty large size , but with the speedy increase in the number of smaller and lower firm being built on small or intermediate - size draw many smaller trees may with reward be considered .
Recommended Shade Trees
Ash , Green(Fraxinus pennsylvanicavariety lanceolata ) . A fairly narrowtree of quite rapid growth . Hardy to northern Canada . Prefers deep , rich soil but stands dryness signally well . A good tree for the Plains and Prairie region of the Middle West and useful elsewhere in the North .
Ash , Velvet(Fraxinus velutina ) . A around - headed tree of rather open growth that attains a height of 45 - 50 ft . It is tight - growing , drouth - tolerant and stand up alkali soils quite well . It is adapted only for mild climate and is commend for the drier division of the Southwest . It thrives easily in a reasonably fertile filth .
Beech , European ( Fagus sylvaticaand its varieties ) . Eventually very large , with a dense , broad head and smooth , light gray barque . theme near the Earth’s surface and does not expand in compacted ( packed down ) dirt . Under old specimen it is not usually potential to grow forage or other plants . There are several hunky-dory varieties of this noble tree let in cut - leaved or fern - leaved kinds and kinds with purple foliage . The diversity call up tricolor hasvariegated leavesand is very giving . It does not uprise so large as the other kinds .
Box Elder ( Acer Negundo ) . For use only where more worthy trees will not grow . Best on moist territory but stand drouth well . Plant male trees only ; females are hosts of the Box Elder Bug .
Camphor Tree(Cinnamomum Camphora ) . Evergreen . Well - established trees stand temperatures as scurvy as 15 degrees . Dropping of abundant yield may be something of a nuisance .
California PepperTree ( Schinus Molle ) . A broad - topped evergreen of very attractive appearance . It bears cluster of very beautiful rose wine - pink Chuck Berry that trace small , yellowish - white-hot flowers . This Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree is drouth - insubordinate and fairly tolerant of alkali soils . Itgives light spook . well suited for California . A related sort , S. terebinthifolia ( the Brazilian Pepper Tree ) , has bright cherry-red fruits and is desirable for imbed in Florida . Both attain a height of about 20 foot .
ness Chestnut(Calodendrum capense ) . An evergreen tree , round - headed , that fall upon a tiptop of up to 70 foot . It bears attractive , rose - lavender bloom and has handsome , dark green leafage . It is worthy only for very balmy climates such as those of southern Florida and southerly California .
Cork Tree(Phellodendron amurense ) . Gives unaccented shade . A low - ramous tree with a wide , spreading top . Resistant to pests and diseases and hashandsome foliageand attractive barque . Is tolerant of metropolis smoke . Hardy as far north as Newfoundland , southern Ontario and British Columbia . A related to sort , P. sachalinense , is similar and every bit as satisfactory . These tree diagram discover maximum height of about 50 foot .
Ginkgo(Ginkgo biloba ) . A tree of somewhat erratic furcate habit that swan tripping shade and is notoriously free of disease and louse pests . A right Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree for city planting . Male and female flowers are borne on separate trees . The fruits , which are borne by female tree diagram only , of class , have a very obnoxious smell ; for this reasonableness male tree only should be planted when it is possible to find specimens identify as to sexual urge . At maturity Ginkgos reach a height of 100 ft . or more .
prosperous - Rain Tree ( Koelreuteria paniculata ) . Widespreading , round - lead , 20 - 30 ft . tall . refined leaf . magnanimous clustering of chickenhearted flowers in summer , come by attractive yield in drop . pretty rapid cultivator . tolerate heat and drouth and permit alkali soil better than any other tree diagram .
Hackberry(Celtic occidentalis ) . A wide - disseminate tree , 50 - 70 ft . tall , that gives moderate shade . It has pretty the show of an elm tree but is less graceful . It is not broad of smoke and soot . Itis hardy into northern Canada . A less hardy kind , but one that is to be prefer where it can be grown ( as far north as southerly New England ) , is C. laevigata . This Hack - Charles Edward Berry is resistant to the witches’-broom disease that disfigures C. occidentalis .
Honey Locust ( Gleditsia triacanthosand varieties ) . This ok tree gives short shade , and grass grows well beneath it . It is a clean fast agriculturalist and stands metropolis conditions well . The source pods are something of a pain in the neck when they precipitate , but a modern , thornless form of this Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree , known as the Moraine Locust , does not raise pods . This is recommend as a substitute tree for the American Elm .
Kentucky Coffee Tree ( Gymnocladus dioica ) . Gives light shade . Prefers dampish soil but adjust itself to drier locations . dependent to cotton rootage rot disease . Do not set on infected soils .
Linden , Silver ( Tilia tomentosa ) . Eventually large , with dense , broad head . humble , fragrant , creamy flowers in summertime . Tolerates heat and drouth . practiced near the seacoast . Not good in smoky areas . say to be poisonous to bees when in bloom .
London Plane ( Platanus acerifolia ) . finally with child and disseminate . Stands trim well . Good in cities . Alkali - tolerant . capable to some disease and pestsbutless so than the native American Plane ( Sycamore ) .
Madrona ( Arbutus Menziesii ) . Evergreen . Grows moderately rapidly . Does not stand inhuman or windwell . Needs sheltered locating .
Maple , Norway(Ater platanoides ) . Gives heavy shade from a rounded head . brook a wide assortment of soils . Good city tree diagram . Has surface roots and so it is difficult to develop gage beneath it . The Schwedler variety has leaves that are bass bronze in springiness . The varietyCrimson Kinghas deep purplish - red foliage Not hardy in all part of Rocky Mountain neighborhood .
Maple , Sugar ( Acer saccharum ) . Large at maturity . Not suited for polluted atmosphere . Best in moist , ample soil . give wonderful nightfall color . Subject to wilt disease disease and , in hot , dry weather , to scorching of its leaf .
Oak , Bur(Quercus macrocarpa ) . Large , slow - growing . Has monolithic brain . give moderate shade . Drought - resistant and hardy . Do not plant on ground infected with cotton base rot fungus .
Oak , Coast Live(Quercus agrifolia ) . Evergreen . At matureness , broad - spreading . Grows slowly at first , quicker later . Do not plant in lawn or other constantly irrigated areas .
Oak , Live ( Quercus virginiana ) . Evergreen . Rather slow - grow . vast at maturity date . Broad - topped . postulate plenty of room . Is damage by severe frosts . Resists insects and diseases .
Oak , Northern Red(Quercus borealis ) . Eventually with child . Has a short tree trunk and spread out branch . adept fall color . Thrives in gravelly and flaxen land , not in wet ones . Subject to Oak wilt disease disease where this is prevalent .
Oak , Pin ( Quercus palustris ) . directly - trunked , with many slender offset and of fine show . Goodautumn coloring material . Tolerant of a blanket potpourri of soils ( except alkaline one ) and of city smoke .
Oak , Scarlet ( Quercus coccinea ) . A okay tree . Prefersdry sandlike dirt . Endures city conditions well . Foliage colors handsomely in free fall .
Oak , Water(Quercus nigra ) . finally large , symmetrical . Grows rapidly in other life . Leaves stay on recently in the fall . Tolerant of wide assortment of conditions .
Oak , White ( Quercus alba ) . Sturdy , with broad , rounded , open top . Eventually declamatory . Leaves turn brown in fall and hang on late . dependent to wilt disease where this occurs .
Oak , Willow ( Quercus Phellos ) . Handsome , elegant , big Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree . Leaves willow tree - like , light green . Grows quickest in moderately moist grease but stands dry soils also .
Pagoda Tree , Chinese Pagoda Tree , Chinese Scholar Tree ( Sophora japonica ) . Has broad , rounded , spread top . Casts light shade . Has attractive yellow - white flowers in summer . Young trees more susceptible to winter cold than senior , well - established specimen .
Russian Olive ( Elaeagnus angustifolia ) . A modest tree . Survives on sandy and alkaline soil but prefers rich , moist grease . Drought - resistant .
Southern Magnolia(Magnolia grandiflora ) . Large , handsome , symmetric , evergreen plant . Beautiful cream - clean fragrant flowers . Rather slow - ontogeny . place upright a smorgasbord of conditions but not poor soil drainage .
Sweet Gum ( Liquidambar Styraciflua ) . Has a narrow or fairly tolerant , open top . Trunk unbent . Its foliage colors bright , crimson and wine - purple , in gloaming . For moist , nonalkaline , well - debilitate soils . A little difficult to graft . Plant in springiness .
Tulip Tree(Liriodendron Tulipifera ) . marvellous , straight - trunked , with an open top . Its leafage colors smart yellowed in fall . Large , greenish - yellow flowers in bound . For somewhat moist , loamy soils . Not easy to transplant . Move untried specimen only , in spring . leaf cast over a long period .
Tupelo or Sour Gum(Nyssa sylvatica ) . Casts restrained shade . Has an irregularly shaped top . require deep , moist soil . Brilliant scarlet foliage in fall . unmanageable to transplant . Set out little trees only , in saltation .
Yellow Wood(Cladrastis lutea ) . intermediate - sized , broad - top . Foliage colour bright yellow in fall . Fragrant white flowers in June . Prefers rich , damp soil but is drought - insubordinate . A fine shade tree . Plant in spring . Transplanted specimens re - plant themselves rather easy .
