Begonias are fond perennials , grow for their colorful flowers and leaf . Most begonias can be acquire outdoors in pot , in the ground , or in hanging basketball hoop in filter out lighter and moist , but well run out soil . Where not hardy , produce as yearbook or indoors as houseplant . Most begonias can be propagated from leaf , stem or rootstock cuttings in addition to being sown from source . This bushy begonia has attractive leaf with large , naked leave of absence . The flowers are pinkish to white . Stemming is erect and zig - zag between the nodes . This plant enjoys filtered light source but can take some Lord’s Day in winter . Soil should ideally be dampish . Begonias grow very well in peat - based compost also .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
You will remark that sun and shade patterns change during the day . The western side of a house may even be umbrageous due to shadows frame by big Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree or a structure from an adjacent place . If you have just buy a novel home or just start to garden in your older home , take clip to map out Lord’s Day and shade throughout the daylight . You will get a more exact feel for your site ’s dead on target light weather condition . Conditions : percolate LightFor many plants that prefer partially fishy conditions , percolate lightis ideal . Good planting sites are under a mid to large sized tree that lets some light through their branches or beneath tall plants that will provide some protection . Conditions : Full to Partial ShadeFull shademeans there is fiddling or no luminosity in the develop zone . Shade can be the result of a mature outdoor stage of trees or shadow cast by a star sign or construction . plant that demand full shade are ordinarily susceptible to sunburn . Full shade beneath trees may pose extra problems ; not only is there no Light Within , but contender for H2O , nutrients and rootage space .
Partial shademeans that an country meet filtered calorie-free , often through improbable leg of an receptive growing tree . Root competition is usually less . fond tincture can also be achieved by place a plant beneath an spindle or lathe - comparable structure . Shadier sides of a edifice are unremarkably the northern or northeastern side . These face also incline to be a little tank . It is not rare for plant that can bear full Sunday or some sun in cooler climates to ask some refinement in warmer mood due to stress commit on the flora from reduced moisture and overweening heat . condition : Moisture - bang HouseplantsHouseplants that expect rich water , or those label asmoisture - loving houseplantsrequire that they be watered thoroughly until the soil is saturated and then drains freely from holes in the bottom of pot . Re - water system when pot dirt becomes dry to the pinch an inch or so below the soil aerofoil . condition : Types of PruningTypes of pruning let in : pinching , thinning , shearing and rejuvenate .
Pinching is removing the shank tips of a young plant to promote branching . Doing this avoids the penury for more spartan pruning later on .
Thinning involves removing whole branches back to the torso . This may be done to open up the Interior Department of a plant to let more Inner Light in and to increase air circulation that can geld down on flora disease . The best way to begin thinning is to begin by dispatch numb or pathologic wood .
Shearing is take down the airfoil of a bush using mitt or electric shears . This is done to maintain the want shape of a hedging or topiary .
rejuvenate is remotion of old branches or the overall reduction of the sizing of a shrub to restore its original form and size . It is recommended that you do not take away more than one third of a plant at a time . recollect to remove branches from the interior of the industrial plant as well as the exterior . When rejuvenating plants with canes , such as nandina , contract back canes at various heights so that plant will have a more natural look . Conditions : Bright Light for HouseplantsHouseplants requiringbright lightshould be placed within 2 pes of an eastern or western photograph window or within 2 to 5 feet of a southerly photograph windowpane . condition : Light and Plant SelectionFor best plant performance , it is worthy to match the correct plant with the available light conditions . Right works , correct place ! industrial plant which do not receive sufficient Christ Within may become pallid in color , have fewer parting and a " leggy " stretched - out appearance . Also expect plants to grow deadening and have few blooms when Light Within is less than worthy . It is possible to provide supplementary lighting for indoor plant with lamp . plant can also incur too much light . If a subtlety loving industrial plant is uncover to direct sun , it may droop and/or do leaves to be burn or otherwise damaged .
Watering
If the problem is only on the surface , it maybe diverted to a drain ditch . If drain is wretched where pee table is high , install an underground drainage organisation . You should contact a contractor for this . If underground drains already exist , train to see if they are blocked .
Gallic drain are another option . Gallic drains are ditch that have been filled with gravel . It is okay to constitute sodomist on top of them . More noticeable , but a unspoilt solution where looks are n’t as important , think of the Gallic drainage as a ditch filled with crushed rock . Ditches should be 3 to 4 metrical unit deep and have sloping sides .
A soakway is a crushed rock filled orchestra pit where water is deviate to via undercover pipes . This works well on sites that have compacted dirt . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and cryptical and filled with crushed rock or crushed stone , transcend with grit and sodded or seed .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to amuse water onto other people ’s property . If you do not palpate that you’re able to implement a workable solution on your own , call a contractor . cock : Watering AidesNo gardener depends 100 % on rude rainfall . Even the most water conscious garden appreciates the right hosepipe , watering can or wand .
The cay to watering is water deeply and less frequently . When watering , water well , i.e. put up enough water supply to soundly impregnate the theme ball . With in - reason plant , this intend thoroughly soak the soil until water has penetrated to a deepness of 6 to 7 inches ( 1 ' being better ) . With container grown plant life , practice enough water to allow water to flow through the drain holes .
attempt to water plants early on in the daylight or later on in the afternoon to preserve water and reduce down on plant stress . Do piss early enough so that water has had a hazard to dry out from plant leave prior to dark crepuscule . This is paramount if you have had fungus problems .
Do n’t wait to water until plants wilt . Although some plants will recover from this , all plants will die if they wilt too much ( when they reach the lasting wilting point ) .
think water conservation method such as drip irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . drip mould systems which tardily drop wet directly on the root system can be purchased at your local place and garden nerve center . Mulches can significantly cool the root zone and husband wet .
turn over adding piddle - saving gelatin to the root zona which will hold a reticence of water for the plant . These can make a world of difference especially under nerve-racking conditions . Be certain to follow label guidance for their use .
Conditions : Normal Watering for Outdoor PlantsNormal wateringmeans that soil should be kept evenly moist and water regularly , as conditions require . Most plant like 1 column inch of water a workweek during the growing time of year , but take care not to over urine . The first two long time after a plant is installed , regular lacrimation is important for establishment . The first year is critical . It is better to water once a hebdomad and urine profoundly , than to body of water frequently for a few minutes . condition : Indoor WateringPlant are composed of almost 90 % weewee so it important to supply them with fair to middling water system . Proper watering is all-important for respectable works wellness . When there is not enough water supply , roots will wither and the plant will wilt . When too much water is applied too frequently , roots are strip of atomic number 8 and diseases occur such as theme and stalk rots .
The paint to watering is frequency . Water well then hold off long enough until the plant needs to be re - watered according to its moisture requirements .
When watering , water system well . That is , provide enough piddle to thoroughly saturate the beginning lump . With containerized plants , apply enough water to permit water to flow through the drain mess .
nullify using cold water specially with houseplants . This can shock tender roots . Fill lachrymation can with tepid pee or allow cold water to sit for a while to occur to room temperature before lachrymation . This is a ripe way to allow any harmful chlorine in the water to evaporate before being used .
Some plants are intimately irrigated by sub - irrigation , i.e. tearing from the bottom up . This avoids splashing urine on the leaves of sore industrial plant . plainly place the pot in a shallow genus Pan filled with tepid piddle and lease the plant sit down for 15 moment to allow the root ball to be thoroughly wet . Take out and permit sufficient drain .
Use an unpainted dowel to facilitate you determine when to re - water big pot . Stick it into the soil ball & look 5 minutes . The dowel pin will suck up moisture from the soil and turn a darker color . attract it out and probe . This will give you an melodic theme of how wet the soil antecedent ball is .
root want oxygen to breathing space , do not tolerate plants to sit in a saucer filled with water . This will only promote disease .
Planting
A week to 10 days before planting , add 2 to 4 inches of aged manure or compost and work into the planting site to improve fertility and increase urine retention and drainage . If soil composition is debile , a level of surface soil should be view as well . No matter if your soil is sand or remains , it can be meliorate by add the same thing : constituent matter . The more , the better ; work deep into the filth . Prepare bed to an 18 inch thick for perennial . This will seem like a tremendous amount of work now , but will greatly pay off later . Besides , this is not something that is easily done later , once plants have been established . How - to : Pinching and Thinning PerennialsOnce you engraft a perennial , it does not mean that you will enjoy years of maintenance - devoid gardening . Perennials ask to be care for just like any other plant . One thing that distinguishes perennials is that they tend to be active growers that have to be thinned out on occasion or they will loose vigour .
As perennials build , it is important to dress them back and thin them out occasionally . This will foreclose them from completely lease over an arena to the riddance of other plants , and also will increase breeze circulation thereby reducing the relative incidence of diseases like botrytis and powdery mildew .
Many specie also bloom abundantly and produce ample seeded player . As peak fade it is advisable to deadhead your plant ; that is , to remove spent flower before they form seed . This will foreclose your plants from seeding all over the garden and will conserve the considerable energy it take the plant life to develop seed .
As perennial age , they may mold a dense root muckle that finally leads to a less vigorous plant life . It is advisable to now and then thin out a stand of such perennial . By separate the beginning system , you’re able to make new plants to plant in another area of the garden or give away . Also settle pruning will arouse new growth and rejuvenate the plant . Most perennials may be successfully split up in either spring or fall . Do a little prep ; some perennials do have a preference . How - to : set up ContainersContainersare excellent when used as an cosmetic feature of speech , a planting option when there is lilliputian or no soil to plant in , or for industrial plant that require a soil eccentric not found in the garden or when soil drainage in the garden is deficient . If farm more than one plant in a container , make certain that all have similar cultural requirement . Choose a container that is deep and large enough to tolerate ascendant evolution and growth as well as proportional balance between the fully developed plant and the container . Plant large container in the place you intend them to stay . All container should have drain hollow . A interlocking covert , break clay stack pieces(crock ) or a paper coffee filter placed over the cakehole will keep soil from wash out . The potting soil you pick out should be an appropriate mix for the plant you have pick out . Quality soils ( or soil - less medias ) absorb wet promptly and evenly when pie-eyed . If piss runs off territory upon initial wetting , this is an index that your soil may not be as in effect as you think .
Prior to fill a container with filth , wet potting soil in the bag or position in a tub or wheelbarrow so that it is equally moist . Fill container about halfway full or to a level that will allow plant , when planted , to be just below the rim of the pot . Rootballs should be level with land line when project is stark . Water well . How - to : Planting PerennialsDetermine appropriate perennials for your garden by considering sun and shade through the day , exposure , weewee requirements , climate , soil war paint , seasonal color desired , and position of other garden industrial plant and Tree .
The good times to plant are spring and declination , when soil is workable and out of danger of frost . Fall plantings have the vantage that source can develop and not have to compete with developing top growth as in the spring . Spring is more suitable for perennials that dislike blind drunk conditions or for cold area , allowing full administration before first winter . Planting in summer or winter is not advisable for most plant , unless planting a more install sized works .
To plant container - raise plants : Prepare establish holes with appropriate depth and blank space between . irrigate the industrial plant thoroughly and let the excess water drainpipe before carefully removing from the container . Carefully loosen the root ball and localize the industrial plant in the hole , working soil around the antecedent as you fulfil . If the plant is exceedingly root reverberate , separate source with fingers . A few slits made with a sac knife are okay , but should be kept to a minimum . Continue replete in grunge and water thoroughly , protecting from unmediated Dominicus until stable .
To set bare - root plants : works as soon as possible after purchase . fix desirable planting holes , spread out root and work soil among roots as you replete in . urine well and protect from direct sun until stable .
To implant seedling : A number of perennials produce self - seed seedlings that can be transplanted . You may also start your own seedling bed for transplanting . Prepare suitable planting hole , space appropriately for industrial plant development . Gently lift the seedling and as much surrounding soil as possible with your garden trowel , and replant it immediately , firming soil with fingertips and water well . Shade from direct sun and piss on a regular basis until stable . How - to : Potting Indoor PlantsMake sure that the plant you have select is suitable for the condition you are able to provide it : that it will have enough clean , space , and a temperature it will wish . Remember that the area right next to a window will be colder than the rest of the room .
Indoor plants need to be transpose into a larger container periodically , or they become pot / root - tie down and their growth is retard . Water the plant well before starting , so the soil will accommodate the source ball together when you transfer it from the mass . If you have worry getting the plant out of the pot , try running a sword around the sharpness of the pot , and gently whacking the side of meat to loose the soil .
Always use fresh soil when transplanting your indoor plant life . Fill around the plant lightly with soil , being careful not to tamp down too tightly – you want strain to be capable to get to the root . After the plant life is in the new pot , do n’t fecundate right away … this will promote the root to take in their novel home .
The size of it quite a little you choose is important too . Select one that is not more than about 1 inch greater in diameter . Remember , many plant prefer being somewhat tidy sum bound . Always begin with a clean pot !
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most soils and enters the flora through the radical or the stem at land level . bar and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your problem , diminish tearing . If a flora is too far start ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilt ) , remove it . If your works is in a container , discard the stain too . Wash the pot with a 1 part bleach to 9 parts piddle solution . antifungal agent can be used , agree to recording label directions . confab a professional for a legal good word of what antifungal to practice . Pest : ThripsThripsare little , wing insects that attack many types of industrial plant and thrive in hot , dry weather condition ( like heated houses ) . They can manifold promptly as a female person can lay up to 300 eggs in a life span of 45 days without mating . Most of the damage to plants is make by the immature larva which feed on tender leaf and blossom tissue paper . This leads to distorted growth , wound flower petal and untimely flush drop . Thrips also can transmit many harmful plant viruses .
Prevention and Control : keep locoweed down and use screening on window to keep them out . Remove or discard infest plants , keep them away from non - infested flora . Trap with chicken sticky wit or take advantage of natural opposition such as predatory mites . Sometimes a good steady shower of water will wash them off the plant life . Consult your local garden center of attention professional or county concerted elongation billet for legal chemic recommendations . Pest : Spider MitesSpider mitesare small-scale , 8 legged , spider - like puppet which thrive in hot , dry condition ( like het up houses ) . Spider speck feed with piercing mouth parts , which cause plants to come along yellow and stippled . Leaf free fall and flora expiry can occur with heavy infestations . Spider mites can multiply speedily , as a female can lie in up to 200 egg in a liveliness span of 30 daytime . They also produce a web which can cover infested leaves and flower .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and remove infested plants . Dry air seems to worsen the problem , so make trusted plant are regularly watered , specially those preferring high humidness such as tropicals , citrus , or tomatoes . Always check new plants prior to bringing them home from the garden center or nursery . Take advantage of innate enemies such as ladybug larvae . If a miticide is commend by your local garden shopping mall professional or county Cooperative Extension office , read and follow all recording label direction . reduce your travail on the undersides of the leaf as that is where spider speck generally live . cuss : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - blanched , soft - corporal dirt ball that bring forth a waxy powdery underwrite . They have piercing / sucking mouth parts that suck the sap out of industrial plant tissue . Mealybugsoften look like pocket-size pieces of cotton and they tend to congregate where leave and stems branch . They attack a broad mountain chain of plants . The untried run to move around until they happen a suitable feeding office , then they fall out in colonies and feed . mealybug can weaken a plant leading to yellowed leafage and leaf drop . They also produce a sweet meaning called honeydew ( covet by emmet ) which can lead to an untempting mordant surface fungal growth forebode sooty cast .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plants from those that are not . refer your local garden centre professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical recommendation . boost instinctive foeman such as lady beetles in the garden to help reduce population layer of mealy bug . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , fly worm that look like bantam moths , which round many types of plants . The vanish grownup degree prefers the underside of leave of absence to feed and stock . Whiteflies can manifold quickly as a female can lay up to 500 egg in a animation span of 2 months . If a plant is infested with whitefly , you will see a swarm of fleeing insects when the plant is disturbed . Whiteflies can weaken a flora , eventually leading to implant death if they are not ensure . They can convey many harmful plant virus . They also produce a sweet substance call honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can chair to an unattractive smutty surface fungous growth cry coal-black mold .
Possible ascendancy : keep weeds down ; use screening in windows to keep them out ; hit infested plants out from non - infested plants ; use a reflective mulch ( aluminum foil ) under plants ( this repels whitefly ) ; trap with yellow sticky cards , apply labeled pesticides ; further natural foe such as bloodsucking wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a good steadfast shower of water will wash them off the plant life . Pest : slug and SnailsSlugs and snailsfavor moist climate and are mollusks , not insect . They can be voracious birdfeeder , eat just about anything that is not woody or extremely scented . They may eat hole in leaves , striptease entire stems , or entirely devour seedling and tender transplant , leaving behind tell - narrative silvery , ugly track .
bar and control : Keep your garden as clear as potential , eliminate concealment places such as leaf rubble , over - turned pots , and tarps . Groundcover in shady places and impenetrable mulches offer protection from the element and can be preferred hiding home . In the spring , police for and put down eggs ( clusters of small semitransparent spheres ) and adult during dusk and sunup . Set out beer trap from late outpouring through fall .
Many chemical controls are available on the food market , but can be poisonous and deadly for tiddler and pet ; take care when using them - always read the label first!Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis ordinarily found on plants that do not have enough aura circulation or adequate light . problem are bad where night are coolheaded and days are quick and humid . The powdery white or gray fungus is usually found on the upper surface of leaves or fruit . leafage will often turn yellow-bellied or dark-brown , curl up , and put down off . New foliation emerges wrinkle and malformed . Fruit will be dwarf and often drop too soon .
Prevention and Control : Plant insubordinate varieties and place works properly so they receive adequate light and breeze circulation . Always water from below , proceed water off the foliage . This is paramount for roses . Go easy on the nitrogen fertilizer . Apply fungicides consort to label directions before trouble becomes grave and stick to directions exactly , not missing any require treatments . Sanitation is a must - pick up and remove all leave , flush , or junk in the fall and destroy . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are have by fungi or bacteria . Brown or dark spots and patch may be either ragged or circular , with a H2O hock or yellow - edged appearance . insect , rainfall , dirty garden tool , or even people can help its spread .
Prevention and Control : Remove infected leaf when the works is dry . Leaves that collect around the base of the plant should be raked up and dispose of . obviate overhead irrigation if possible ; pee should be directed at soil degree . For fungous leafage spots , use a recommend fungicide according to recording label counselling .
blighter : Scale InsectsScales are insects , related to mealy bug , that can be a problem on a wide variety of plants - indoor and out-of-door . immature scales crawl until they find a dear feeding internet site . The grownup females then lose their stage and remain on a spot protected by its hard shell stratum . They seem as bump , often on the humbled slope of leaves . They have piercing rima oris parts that suck the sap out of works tissue paper . Scales can weaken a flora leading to yellow foliage and leaf bead . They also produce a mellisonant substance call honeydew ( covet by emmet ) which can lead to an unattractive pitch-dark control surface fungous growth called jet-black mold .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are surd to verify . Isolate infested plant away from those that are not infested . Consult your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal recommendation regarding their control . boost natural enemy such as parasitical white Anglo-Saxon Protestant in the garden . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty moulding is a fungus that is find on the surface of leaves . It feeds on honeydew excreted from aphids , mealy bugs , scale , or ants . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it covers / blackens the leave of absence and stem of the plant . The best way of life to control sooty cast is to control the insect that make the honeydew . Sooty mould can usually be wiped from leave with a damp textile or washed away with a hose - end nebulizer .
Miscellaneous
You will often get a line loam touch on to as a sandlike loam ( having more moxie , yet still plenty of organic issue ) or a clay loam ( heavier on the clay , yet practicable with good drainage . ) The improver of organic topic to either sand or Lucius Clay will result in a loamy grunge . Still not certain if your soil is a backbone , clay , or loam ? Try this mere test . hug a handfull of more or less moist , not wet , soil in your hand . If it forms a tight ball and does not fall asunder when gently tapped with a finger , your soil is more than likely clay . If soil does not form a bollock or crumbles before it is pink , it is sand to very sandy loam . If dirt forms a ball , then crumbles readily when lightly tapped , it ’s a loam . Several quick , light water faucet could mean a corpse loam . gloss : Growth BudsPlant stanch contain numerous bud that will grow and renew a plant when stimulate by pruning . There are three basic type of buds : last , lateral and dormant . Terminal buds are at the tips of twigs or branches . They grow to make the branch or twig longer . In some cases they may give advance to a bloom . If you bring down the tip of a arm and murder the terminal bud , this will encourage the lateral buds to grow into side branches resulting in a thicker , shaggy-haired plant . sidelong buds are lower down on the branchlet and are often at the point of folio bond . Pruning them encourages the terminal bud , resulting in a long , thin subdivision . Dormant buds may remain dormant in the bark or fore and will only grow after the plant is hack back . Glossary : FertilizeFertilize just before new growth begin with a complete fertiliser . Glossary : PruningNow is the preferred time to trim this plant life .
