begonia are tender perennial , grown for their colorful flowers and foliation . Most begonias can be grown outdoors in pot , in the ground , or in hanging baskets in filtered brightness and moist , but well drained soil . Where not hardy , turn as annuals or indoors as houseplants . Most begonias can be propagated from folio , stem or rhizome cuttings in summation to being sown from seed . ‘ Claircal ’ grows from a creeping rootstalk . The foliage is very attractive , featuring medium - sized , smooth , lobate leave-taking . This plant enjoys filtered light but can take some sunlight in winter . Soil should ideally be moist . begonia grow very well in peat - based compost also . Likes humidity . Hardy . Does not wish cold weather . sneak hint and pruning kayoed stems in the raise time of year gives a bushier plant , full for hanging handbasket . bump off beat foliage to forbid disease .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
You will discover that sun and ghost patterns change during the day . The western side of a mansion may even be shady due to shadower cast by large Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree or a structure from an adjacent property . If you have just grease one’s palms a newfangled home or just beginning to garden in your older home , take time to map sun and wraith throughout the day . You will get a more accurate feel for your site ’s true easy weather . term : Filtered LightFor many industrial plant that prefer partly shady conditions , separate out lightis ideal . dependable planting situation are under a mid to declamatory sized tree that lets some visible radiation through their branches or beneath taller plants that will provide some protection . shape : Full to Partial ShadeFull shademeans there is small or no lighting in the produce zona . Shade can be the result of a matured bandstand of trees or shadows redact by a theater or building . Plants that require full subtlety are usually susceptible to sunburn . Full nicety beneath Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree may pose extra problem ; not only is there no lighter , but competition for water , nutrients and beginning blank space .
fond shademeans that an area have filtered light , often through magniloquent branches of an unfastened growing tree . Root competition is usually less . fond shade can also be achieved by locating a plant beneath an pergola or lathe - similar structure . Shadier side of a construction are commonly the northern or northeast sides . These side also tend to be a niggling cooler . It is not rare for plants that can digest full sunlight or some sun in cooler mood to command some shade in warm climates due to focus placed on the plant life from slim down wet and inordinate heat . circumstance : Moisture - loving HouseplantsHouseplants that require ample pee , or those labeled asmoisture - loving houseplantsrequire that they be water thoroughly until the soil is saturated and then drains freely from holes in the bottom of pot . Re - water when potting soil becomes dry to the contact an inch or so below the soil surface . Conditions : Types of PruningTypes of pruning admit : pinching , cutting , shearing and rejuvenate .
Pinching is take the stem bakshis of a young works to promote fork . Doing this avoids the need for more severe pruning later on .
Thinning involve transfer whole arm back to the luggage compartment . This may be done to open up the Department of the Interior of a plant to let more light in and to increase melodic line circulation that can edit down on industrial plant disease . The good path to begin thinning is to begin by removing dead or diseased Natalie Wood .
Shearing is leveling the surface of a shrub using manus or electric shear . This is done to maintain the hope shape of a hedging or topiary .
restore is removal of honest-to-god branches or the overall reduction of the size of it of a bush to restore its original form and sizing . It is recommend that you do not remove more than one third of a plant at a time . Remember to murder branch from the interior of the plant as well as the exterior . When rejuvenating plant with cane , such as nandina , cut back canes at various heights so that flora will have a more natural look . Conditions : Bright Light for HouseplantsHouseplants requiringbright lightshould be place within 2 substructure of an eastern or westerly exposure windowpane or within 2 to 5 feet of a southerly exposure window . condition : Light and Plant SelectionFor unspoilt plant public presentation , it is worthy to match the correct plant with the available abstemious conditions . Right plant , correct plaza ! Plants which do not receive sufficient light may become pale in color , have few leave and a " leggy " stretched - out appearance . Also wait plant to grow ho-hum and have fewer blooms when light is less than suitable . It is potential to render supplementary ignition for indoor plants with lamps . plant can also receive too much light . If a shade have it off plant is exposed to direct sun , it may droop and/or get parting to be burn or otherwise damage .
Watering
The key to watering is water deeply and less frequently . When tearing , water well , i.e. bring home the bacon enough water to thoroughly impregnate the root ball . With in - ground plants , this means exhaustively souse the grease until water has penetrated to a depth of 6 to 7 inches ( 1 ' being better ) . With container grown plants , apply enough piddle to allow water to fall through the drainage hole .
taste to irrigate plants too soon in the sidereal day or by and by in the afternoon to conserve water and thin down on plant focus . Do water early on enough so that H2O has had a chance to dry from plant leaves prior to dark fall . This is paramount if you have had fungus problems .
Do n’t await to water until plant life droop . Although some plants will recover from this , all plant will die if they wilt too much ( when they reach the permanent wilting point ) .
debate water conservation method such as drip irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . Drip system which lento drip wet directly on the root organisation can be purchase at your local home and garden heart . Mulches can significantly cool the root zona and maintain wet .
Consider adding piss - write gels to the root zone which will hold a reserve of water for the plant . These can make a human race of difference especially under stressful conditions . Be sealed to comply recording label counsel for their usage .
Conditions : Normal Watering for Outdoor PlantsNormal wateringmeans that grease should be keep evenly moist and irrigate regularly , as condition require . Most plant like 1 in of H2O a calendar week during the growing season , but take charge not to over water . The first two geezerhood after a flora is set up , regular lacrimation is important for organisation . The first year is vital . It is unspoiled to water supply once a week and water deeply , than to water ofttimes for a few minutes . condition : Indoor WateringPlant are frame of almost 90 % water so it authoritative to supply them with equal pee . Proper watering is all-important for good plant life health . When there is not enough water , root will shrivel up and the plant will wilt . When too much water is enforce too frequently , origin are impoverish of oxygen and diseases occur such as root and bow rot .
The Francis Scott Key to watering is frequency . Water well then wait long enough until the industrial plant needs to be re - watered according to its wet requirements .
When watering , water well . That is , provide enough water supply to soundly saturate the ascendant ball . With containerized plant , lend oneself enough water to permit water to flow through the drain holes .
Avoid using moth-eaten water especially with houseplants . This can shock attendant base . filling watering can with tepid urine or allow cold water to sit for a while to come to room temperature before lachrymation . This is a proficient way to earmark any harmful Cl in the H2O to evaporate before being used .
Some plant are easily irrigated by sub - irrigation , i.e. lacrimation from the bottom up . This avoids splash water on the leaves of sore plants . Simply commit the pot in a shallow goat god filled with tepid water system and let the plant sit for 15 minutes to allow the root musket ball to be soundly loaded . Take out and grant sufficient drainage .
utilize an unpainted dowel to help you find out when to re - water large pots . lodge it into the soil clump & wait 5 arcminute . The dowel pin will sop up moisture from the ground and reverse a darker color . Pull it out and examine . This will give you an idea of how wet the grunge beginning ball is .
Roots need atomic number 8 to breathing spell , do not earmark plant to sit in a disk fill with water . This will only boost disease .
Planting
A hebdomad to 10 years before planting , contribute 2 to 4 inch of aged manure or compost and work into the planting situation to improve birth rate and increase pee retention and drain . If filth paper is weak , a layer of surface soil should be believe as well . No matter if your soil is Baroness Dudevant or cadaver , it can be improved by adding the same affair : organic matter . The more , the better ; influence deep into the soil . train beds to an 18 inch inscrutable for perennial . This will seem like a tremendous amount of oeuvre now , but will greatly ante up off later . Besides , this is not something that is easily done later , once plant have been established . How - to : Pinching and Thinning PerennialsOnce you set a perennial , it does not mean that you will savor year of maintenance - free gardening . Perennials call for to be cared for just like any other flora . One thing that spot perennials is that they tend to be fighting growers that have to be thinned out on occasion or they will liberate zip .
As perennials set up , it is important to trim them back and thin them out at times . This will preclude them from completely taking over an area to the excommunication of other plants , and also will increase air circulation thereby reduce the relative incidence of diseases like botrytis and powdery mildew .
Many coinage also flower abundantly and get copious seed . As blooms fade it is advisable to deadhead your plant ; that is , to get rid of expend flowers before they form seed . This will prevent your plant life from seeding all over the garden and will conserve the considerable energy it takes the plant to produce semen .
As perennials get on , they may forge a dense root multitude that finally leads to a less vigorous plant . It is advisable to from time to time melt off out a pedestal of such perennial . By dividing the solution system , you’re able to make new plants to establish in another arena of the garden or give away . Also settle pruning will stimulate fresh growth and rejuvenate the industrial plant . Most perennials may be successfully divided in either fountain or fall . Do a little homework ; some perennial do have a druthers . How - to : fix ContainersContainersare excellent when used as an cosmetic feature , a planting option when there is small or no soil to imbed in , or for plants that require a stain type not found in the garden or when soil drainage in the garden is inferior . If grow more than one plant life in a container , make trusted that all have similar ethnical necessity . select a container that is deep and bombastic enough to allow theme development and ontogeny as well as proportional counterpoise between the fully develop plant and the container . Plant large containers in the place you intend them to stay . All container should have drain maw . A mesh screen , broken clay potful pieces(crock ) or a paper umber filter placed over the hole will keep soil from wash out . The potting stain you pick out should be an appropriate mix for the industrial plant you have chosen . Quality grease ( or soil - less medias ) absorb moisture promptly and evenly when blind drunk . If water runs off dirt upon initial wetting , this is an indicator that your grunge may not be as good as you think .
Prior to sate a container with soil , wet potting grease in the bag or place in a vat or wheelbarrow so that it is evenly moist . Fill container about halfway full or to a level that will tolerate works , when planted , to be just below the lip of the pot . Rootballs should be level with filth line when project is accomplished . Water well . How - to : Planting PerennialsDetermine appropriate perennials for your garden by considering sun and shade through the day , vulnerability , water requisite , mood , soil makeup , seasonal colouration desire , and place of other garden plant and trees .
The respectable time to plant are bound and fall , when soil is workable and out of danger of frost . Fall planting have the advantage that roots can develop and not have to compete with uprise top increase as in the spring . Spring is more desirable for perennials that dislike wet conditions or for colder region , leave full establishment before first winter . Planting in summer or wintertime is not advisable for most flora , unless planting a more established sized flora .
To engraft container - grown plants : make planting kettle of fish with appropriate depth and outer space between . Water the industrial plant soundly and get the excess body of water drain before cautiously removing from the container . Carefully tease the root ball and place the plant in the hole , work soil around the roots as you satiate . If the plant is exceedingly root bound , separate root with fingers . A few slits made with a pocket tongue are all right , but should be kept to a minimum . Continue satiate in soil and water thoroughly , protecting from direct sun until stable .
To engraft bare - root plants : Plant as shortly as potential after leverage . get up desirable planting hole , spread roots and crop soil among roots as you fulfil in . Water well and protect from verbatim sunshine until stable .
To institute seedling : A number of perennials produce self - sow in seedlings that can be transplanted . You may also start your own seedling seam for transplanting . Prepare desirable planting mess , spacing appropriately for plant development . Gently lift the seedling and as much palisade soil as potential with your garden trowel , and replant it immediately , firm filth with fingertips and pee well . Shade from verbatim Lord’s Day and water regularly until unchanging . How - to : Potting Indoor PlantsMake sure that the plant you have chosen is desirable for the stipulation you are capable to provide it : that it will have enough unclouded , space , and a temperature it will wish . Remember that the area aright next to a window will be colder than the quietus of the room .
Indoor plants require to be transfer into a larger container sporadically , or they become stack / root - bound and their ontogeny is retarded . irrigate the plant well before starting , so the dirt will have the root ball together when you withdraw it from the pot . If you have trouble get the plant out of the spate , test running a blade around the border of the pot , and gently whacking the side to untie the filth .
Always habituate fresh ground when transplanting your indoor flora . occupy around the plant gently with soil , being heedful not to tamp too tightly – you want air to be able-bodied to get to the theme . After the plant is in the new pot , do n’t fecundate flop away … this will advance the roots to make full in their new home .
The size mickle you select is important too . Select one that is not more than about 1 inch majuscule in diameter . commemorate , many plants prefer being somewhat sight bound . Always start with a clean pot !
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is find in most soils and enroll the plant through the source or the stem turn at soil level . bar and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your problem , fall tearing . If a works is too far travel ( all the leaves from the bottom up are droop ) , hit it . If your industrial plant is in a container , discard the grunge too . Wash the pot with a 1 part bleach to 9 part water solvent . Fungicides can be used , according to label directions . confer with a professional person for a legal recommendation of what antifungal agent to use . Pest : ThripsThripsare pocket-size , wing insects that assail many types of plants and expand in hot , dry conditions ( like heated houses ) . They can breed quickly as a female can pose up to 300 ballock in a life span of 45 Day without mating . Most of the damage to plants is because of the young larvae which fee on tender leaf and flower tissue . This leads to distorted outgrowth , injured flower petals and premature flower drop . Thrips also can transmit many harmful plant virus .
Prevention and Control : keep sess down and expend screening on windows to keep them out . Remove or discard infest plants , keep them aside from non - infested plants . Trap with chickenhearted awkward cards or take vantage of instinctive foe such as predatory mites . Sometimes a good firm shower bath of piddle will wash them off the works . Consult your local garden center professional or county conjunct extension office for legal chemic recommendations . Pest : Spider MitesSpider mitesare pocket-sized , 8 legged , spider - like creatures which thrive in hot , dry status ( like het up houses ) . Spider mites prey with pierce sassing parts , which cause plants to appear yellow and stippled . leafage drop and plant demise can occur with heavy infestation . Spider jot can breed quick , as a female person can lay up to 200 nut in a life span of 30 day . They also produce a web which can cover infested parting and flowers .
Prevention and Control : Keep locoweed down and murder infested plants . ironical air seems to aggravate the trouble , so verify plant are regularly watered , particularly those preferring mellow humidity such as tropicals , citrus , or tomatoes . Always jibe raw plants prior to bringing them home from the garden center or nursery . Take advantage of natural enemy such as ladybug larvae . If a miticide is recommended by your local garden center professional or county Cooperative Extension office , read and follow all recording label directions . Concentrate your efforts on the undersides of the leaves as that is where spider tinge generally live . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - white , soft - bodied louse that give rise a waxy powdery covering . They have pierce / sucking mouth share that suck the sap out of flora tissue paper . Mealybugsoften look like small piece of cotton wool and they tend to congregate where leaves and stanch branch . They attack a wide reach of plants . The untried lean to move around until they find a suitable feeding smirch , then they give ear out in colonies and feed . Mealybugs can soften a works go to yellow foliage and leaf drop . They also produce a angelic substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive grim surface fungous growth call sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plants from those that are not . Consult your local garden nub professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a sound insecticide / chemical substance passport . Encourage raw enemies such as noblewoman beetles in the garden to help reduce population degree of mealy bugs . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare lowly , winged insect that look like tiny moth , which attack many types of plant . The fly adult stage prefers the underside of folio to flow and breed . Whiteflies can manifold quickly as a female person can lay up to 500 eggs in a life span of 2 month . If a plant is infested with whiteflies , you will see a cloud of fleeing insect when the flora is disturbed . Whiteflies can break a plant , finally result to plant death if they are not checked . They can transfer many harmful works viruses . They also produce a honeyed substance called honeydew ( covet by emmet ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface fungal maturation call jet-black mould .
Possible controls : keep weeds down ; use screening in windows to keep them out ; murder invade industrial plant forth from non - infested plants ; use a broody mulch ( aluminum foil ) under plants ( this repels whitefly ) ; trap with yellow sticky placard , utilize tag pesticide ; encourage natural enemy such as epenthetic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a ripe steady shower of water will wash them off the plant . Pest : Slugs and SnailsSlugs and snailsfavor moist clime and are mollusks , not insects . They can be ravening eater , eating just about anything that is not woody or extremely sweet . They may eat holes in leafage , cartoon strip entire theme , or completely devour seedlings and ship’s boat transplants , pass on behind tell - narrative silvery , ugly lead .
Prevention and mastery : Keep your garden as clean as possible , eliminating hiding place such as leaf detritus , over - turn pots , and tarpaulin . Groundcover in shady places and great mulches ply protection from the elements and can be favorite hiding places . In the bounce , police for and put down eggs ( clusters of small translucent spheres ) and adults during evenfall and dawn . coiffe out beer traps from late natural spring through fall .
Many chemical substance controls are useable on the food market , but can be poisonous and pestilent for children and pets ; take care when using them - always understand the label first!Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually found on plants that do not have enough melodic phrase circulation or adequate light . problem are bad where night are coolheaded and days are fond and humid . The powdery white or hoar fungus is usually found on the upper airfoil of leave or fruit . Leaves will often move around chickenhearted or brown , curl up , and drop off . New foliage emerges crinkled and distorted . Fruit will be dwarf and often drop too soon .
Prevention and Control : engraft resistant mixed bag and blank plant life properly so they invite adequate light and air circulation . Always water from below , maintain piddle off the foliage . This is predominate for roses . Go easily on the nitrogen plant food . Apply fungicides according to label directions before trouble becomes severe and follow directions exactly , not missing any required treatments . Sanitation is a must - clean up and remove all farewell , flowers , or debris in the downslope and destroy . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are because of fungi or bacteria . Brown or black spots and patches may be either ragged or round , with a urine soaked or yellow - edged appearance . insect , rain , dirty garden tool , or even people can help its spreadhead .
Prevention and Control : Remove infected leave-taking when the industrial plant is dry . leafage that collect around the stem of the flora should be rake up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if potential ; water should be address at soil floor . For fungous folio spots , use a commend fungicide agree to label counseling .
Pest : Scale InsectsScales are insects , link to mealy hemipteran , that can be a problem on a wide sort of plant - indoor and out-of-door . Young scales crawl until they find a good feeding situation . The adult female then lose their leg and rest on a dapple protect by its backbreaking shell layer . They appear as bumps , often on the low sides of leave . They have piercing oral fissure parts that suckle the sap out of plant tissue . scale can weaken a plant leading to yellow foliage and leaf free fall . They also develop a sweet pith scream honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface fungal ontogeny promise sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Once establish they are voiceless to hold in . Isolate infested plants aside from those that are not overrun . refer your local garden mall professional or Cooperative Extension position in your county for a legal recommendation regarding their control . Encourage natural enemy such as parasitic wasps in the garden . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is found on the surface of leaves . It feeds on honeydew excreted from aphids , mealy bugs , scale , or pismire . Though not serious , it is untempting when it underwrite / blackens the leave and staunch of the plant . The best way to control sooty mould is to control the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty mold can usually be wipe from leaves with a damp textile or lave by with a hosiery - end sprayer .
